Crystal City Family Internment Camp, World War II

When the U.S. entered the war in 1941, an immediate fear was the possibility of enemy agents in the country and the Western Hemisphere. As one response, thousands of Japanese-Americans were moved away from the West Coast. Lesser-known was an internment camp system operated by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The government built these camps to hold Japanese, German and Italian nationals arrested in the U.S. and Hawaii, and in Peru and other Latin American countries until they could be exchanged for American detainees. Three of these camps were in Texas at Kenedy, Seagoville and Crystal City. The Crystal City camp, converted from an existing migratory labor camp, was the largest internment facility in the U.S. and the only one built exclusively for families. The original 200-acre camp later expanded to almost 500 acres, with agricultural areas and support facilities. The primary living area was a 100-acre compound enclosed by a 10-foot barbed wire fence, complete with guard towers and spotlights. Like a small town, the compound had 700 buildings and included family housing, schools, a hospital, shops, warehouses, markets and recreation areas. Although intended for Japanese, the Crystal City camp also held Germans and a few Italians. The population averaged 2800 throughout the war. It reached a peak of almost 3400 in December 1944, two-thirds of whom were Japanese. At the end of the war, the government paroled internees throughout the U.S. or sent them to their home countries. The Crystal City camp was the only one still in operation by June 1946. It officially closed February 27, 1948, and the property transferred to the city and school district. Texas in World War II, V+60 (2005)

Crystal City Family Internment Camp, World War II is a historical marker in Crystal City, Zavala County, dedicated in 2006. It is one of 7 historical markers documented in Zavala County in the Texas Historical Commission Atlas, among 13 historic sites cataloged across the county.

The site sits at 28.6910, -99.8247 near Crystal City. The nearest cataloged historic site is Zavala County (historical marker), about 0.7 miles away. Others within a short drive include Juarez, Zavala County, and Vivian.

This record corresponds to Texas Historical Commission Atlas #5507013720. Use the map below for its exact position and turn-by-turn directions.